In his Nov. 30 public address, President Rodrigo Duterte said he was not “red-tagging” the left-wing groups Makabayan, Gabriela, and Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN) when he accused them of being “legal fronts” and “members” of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), of the New People’s Army (NPA), its military arm, and of the National Democratic Front (NDF), its political arm.