Sa pagsusulong ng batas laban sa pagkalat ng maling impormasyon online, binanggit ni Sen. Robinhood Padilla ang 15 bansang may mga batas laban sa “fake news.” Ang kanyang listahan, gayunpaman, ay may ilang mga kamalian.
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Mga Pinagmulan
Senate of the Philippines, Resolution No. 191, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
Senate of the Philippines, Committee on Public Information and Mass Media, Nov. 28, 2022
Poynter, A guide to anti-misinformation actions around the world, accessed Nov. 28, 2022
Amnesty International, A HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO TACKLE DISINFORMATION, April 14, 2022
Japan
- Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 【啓発教育教材】インターネットとの向き合い方～ニセ・誤情報に騙されないために～ | 安心・安全なインターネット利用ガイド | 総務省, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, インターネット上のフェイクニュースや偽情報への対策, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- Masato Kajimoto (Annie Lab, HKU Journalism), Personal communication, Nov. 29, 2022
Germany
- Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection website, Act to Improve Enforcement of the Law in Social Networks (Network Enforcement Act, NetzDG) – Basic Information (2017), accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection website, Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Rechtsdurchsetzung in sozialen Netzwerken (Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz – NetzDG), accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection Official Facebook Page, Gestern ist das neue Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz (NetzDG) in Kraft getreten! Ab jetzt gilt u. a.:, June 29, 2021
- Alice Echtermann (Correctiv), Personal communication, Nov. 29, 2022
Brazil
- Câmara dos Deputados website, Relator apresenta nova versão do projeto sobre fake news; conheça o texto – Notícias – Portal da Câmara dos Deputados, March 31, 2022
- Câmara dos Deputados website, Relator apresenta texto do projeto sobre fake news – 31/03/22, March 31, 2022
- Consulta Pública – PL 2630/2020 :: Portal e-Cidadania – Senado Federal
- Poynter Institute, An unholy coalition torpedoes social media reform legislation in Brazil,
- Twitter, PL 2630/2020 deixou de ser sobre combater as fake news, Feb. 24, 2022
- Google, PL 2630 pode aumentar desinformação online e prejudicar usuários, April 2, 2022
- The Intercept, First France, Now Brazil Unveils Plan to Empower the Government to Censor the Internet in the Name of Stopping “Fake News”, Jan. 10, 2018
- FENAPEF Twitter account, Polícia Federal dará início nos próximos dias em Brasília às atividades de um grupo especial formado para combater notícias falsas durante o processo eleitoral. A medida tem o objetivo de identificar e punir autores de “fake news” contra ou a favor dos
United Kingdom
- U.K. Parliament, Online Safety Bill – UK Parliament, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
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- U.K. Government website, Online Safety Bill: factsheet – GOV.UK (updated April 19, 2022), accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- ScienceDirect, A critical review of the Online Safety Bill, Aug. 12, 2022
- U.K. Government Communication Service, Alex Aiken introduces the Rapid Response Unit, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- Full Fact, Full Fact Report 2022 – Full Fact, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- https://web.archive.org/web/20180923023658/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-42791218
Argentina
- Defensoría del Público, La desinformación y la violencia afectan el diálogo y limitan los derechos de las audiencias…, Oct. 10, 2020
- Defensoría del Público, NODIO, el Observatorio de la desinformación y violencia simbólica, Oct. 9, 2020
- Poynter, Argentina’s new government office is NOT a fact-checker, Oct. 19, 2020
Sweden
- Swedish Psychological Defence Agency, Mission – The Swedish Psychological Defence Agency, accessed Nov. 29, 2022
- The Washington Post, Sweden sets up Psychological Defense Agency to fight fake news, foreign interference, Jan. 6, 2022
- The Telegraph, Sweden launches ‘Psychological Defence Agency’ to counter propaganda from Russia, China and Iran, Jan. 4, 2022
(Ginagabayan ng code of principles ng International Fact-Checking Network sa Poynter, ang VERA Files ay sumusubaybay sa mga maling pahayag, flip-flops, nakaliligaw na mga pahayag ng mga pampublikong opisyal at kilalang personalidad, at pinasisinungalingan ang mga ito gamit ang tunay na ebidensya. Alamin ang inisyatibong ito at aming pamamaraan.)
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